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UCC 2021D
Digital Power Line Carrier Utility Communications Center
 Unique Features
- The UCC 2021D is a self-contained Digital Power Line Carrier equipment comprising integrated F6 teleprotection and premium voice and data communications.
- Various embedded protocols allow IP connectivity, therefore, easy integration in any digital network.
- WAN Gateway over the High Voltage Power Lines.
- Numerically Programmable, local or remote, from Carrier frequency of 20 to 500 Khz, there is no components to change in the field.
- High Quality telephone traffic and multiple data channels of variable rate.
- Extremely reliable Digital Power Line Carrier link based in a state of the art Adaptive QAM and Channel Equalization.
- 50 or 100 Watt PEP output power.
System Overview
The Utility Communication Center (UCC 2021D) is a complete Digital Power Line Carrier equipment comprising four integrated subsystems:
- Power Amplifi er and Coupling (PAC)
- Adaptive QAM Transceiver (AQT)
- F6 Teleprotection (F6T)
- Packet Access Node (PAN)
The UCC 2021D unique features incorporate the latest Digital Signal Processing technology (DSP) making a rugged Adaptive QAM transceiver, along with a unique Digital Packet Network Multiplexer Node (PAN) that integrates voice, data, multiple T1 or E1 data ports, and IP traffic over the Digital Power Line Carrier link. The UCC 2021D system utilizes QAM modulation, proven to be the most robust and reliable method for Digital Power Line Carrier Systems. The QAM adaptability with channel equalization and echo canceling makes the UCC 2021D the most fl exible and dependable Digital Power Line Carrier System in the market today. The UCC 2021D Adaptive QAM Transceiver (AQT) transmission channel occupies a total bandwidth of 8 KHz. This feature allows the replacement of analog PLC systems, not just improving the overall performance and interfaces but using the existing frequency assignments. The Adaptive QAM Transceiver (AQT) system is able to operate at a reduced rate in a bandwidth of 4 KHz using algorithms for error detection and correction in order to achieve better performance in the presence of power line channel noise. Transmission is carried out at a gross bit rate of 64 Kbps where 2.6 Kbps is used for synchronization leaving 62.4 kb/s available for the Packet Access Node through a V.35 interface. The UCC 2021D Packet Access Node (PAN) excels an adaptive 64kbps digital data stream; multiplexing voice, data, T1, E1, and IP streams to provide the user with fl exibility not yet seen in Power Line Carrier Systems. The UCC 2021D off ers a choice of two power output levels, Impedance Adapter, Loopback Test, Programmable RF fi lters, Skewed Hybrid, Dummy Load and Power Monitor. The UCC 2021D integrates a plug-in F6 Teleprotection Module (F6T) complying with the IEC-60834 teleprotection standard, integrated test switch, selectable unblock logic and integrated SOE and Trip Counters. The equipment is designed to operate in the harsh environment of electric utility substations, based on the successful and proven UCC 2020 E1/T1 Multiplexer used by thousands in high-voltage power networks around the world. A versatile Windows® GUI (Graphical User Interface) allows the user to confi gure the various parameters via a local or remote computer. SNMP alarm reporting traps are also supported if required.
UCC2021D Equipment Architecture
The modularity of the UCC 2021D allows high fl exibility to comply with different requirements; as per Fig 1: There are three physical shelves, enclosing the PAN, AQT and PAC respectively. We have the Analog and the Digital path, both working concurrently but independent of each other . In the Analog Path the diff erent types of voice channels and the F6 Teleprotection are connected to an Analog Tranceiver via an E1/T1 Multiplexer Module. In the Digital Path, the various voice and data interfaces, the two Ethernet Ports, the 64 Kbps Port the E1/T1 Ports, as well as the V.35 High Speed Serial Port converged in the PAN where the digital stream interconnects with the QAM Transceiver. Both Transceivers are adde or splitted, depending on the path direction, being Transmission or Reception. For Transmission the combined low level RF signal feed the Power Amplifi er, the Transmission Filter and finally the Line Interface, for Reception the combined RF signal is taken from the Line Interface to the receive Filter. All the Power Line Carrier confi guration is done in the Transceivers, and the Networking confi guration is performed in the PAN. The typical Digital PLC will not require of the Analog Voice and data Channels.
 Figure 1. Equipment Architecture
UCC2021D Equipment description
Power Amplifier and Coupling (PAC)
The PA0C chassis comprises the 50 or 100 Watts Peak Envelope Power (PEP), RF Filters, Dummy Load, Power Monitor, RF Impedance Adapter, Loop Back test Module and RF Skewed Hybrid. The RF Interface is located at the top in the PAC chassis. Test points are found inside the front panel: Line Tx (after transmit fi lter), Line Rx (before front-end fi lter) and Line (after the Hybrid), These signals facilitate equipment testing ad commissioning. The Skewed Hybrid effi ciently separates the send and receive frequencies. Use of a skewed hybrid keeps losses in the send direction very low, in the order of 0.5 to 1 dB.
Fig 2A, Power Amplifi er and Coupling, PAC
Adaptive QAM Transceiver (AQT)
The Transceiver, the E1/T1 Common Module and the F6 Teleprotection are mounted in an additional 19” wide chassis. The connection between the Transceiver and the Common Module is an E1 or T1 connection. This transceiver is intended for use on connections on Power Line Carrier Systems on point-to-point, mesh, hierarchical or star topology. The principal characteristics of the Transceiver are as follows:
- Duplex mode of operation.
- Channel separation by echo cancellation techniques;
- Adaptive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) for each channel with synchronous line transmission at selectable symbol rates of 2400, 2743, 2800, 3000, 3200, 3249 symbols/s.
- Depending on the Power Line Conditions, the following standard Synchronous channel data signaling rates can be achieved: 64.000 bit/s; 62.400 bit/s; 33 600 bit/s; 28 800 bit/s; 14 400 bit/s; 4800 bit/s; 2400 bit/s;
- Trellis coding for all data signaling rates;
- Adaptive techniques that enable the modem to achieve close to the maximum data signaling rate the channel can support on each connection;
- Exchange of rate sequences during start-up to establish the data signaling rate.
Fig 2B, Adaptive QAM Transceiver, AQT
- Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to compensate for variations in signal level caused by line attenuation changes. If the Teleprotection received signal level varies more than 40 dB from normal in the regulation range of -20 to +20 dB or -26 to +14 dB, a relay and LED will indicate an alarm. Additionally the AGC functions to perform the signal-to-noise squelch which disables the system and initiates an alarm under excessive noise conditions.
- Modulation: It is an Adaptive Trellis Code Modulation with Multidimensional Error Correction resulting in fractional bits per symbol, from 4 QAM to 1024 QAM, depending on the Power Line Conditions and Bandwidth available.
- Programmable RF Test Generator, the Transceiver can generate an RF test tone between 20 and 500 kHz to be transmitted over the power line carrier path.
Packet Access Node
The UCC 2021D is a Utility Communications Center (UCC) because of its unique ability to integrate voice and data traffic across a single, converged network utilizing a multi-service access gateway that uses data packets switched for distributed substation utility applications, the UCC2021D PAN Highlights are:
- Delivers High Quality Over Narrow Bandwidth: The UCC 2021D PAN off ers state of the art prioritization and voice/data compression technology performing superior quality of service with minimal bandwidth utilization, providing high compression voice and data transport over the High Voltage Power Lines. The versatility of the UCC 2021D helps to take advantage of the narrow bandwidth available over the Power Lines without sacrifi cing quality of service for voice and data applications.
- Any-to-Any Voice Switching: The UCC 2021D PAN integrates the disparate phone systems of individual sites; with support for both analog and digital voice, allowing legacy and packet data equipment sharing the Power System Network. Analog and digital telephony channels as well as multiple T1/E1 data interfaces and serial data ports are supported by the UCC 2021D PAN. These are optimized specifically for distributed enterprise networks that have needs for multiple WAN connectivity requirements and different needs for functionality, density, performance and connectivity.
Fig 2C, Packet Access Node, PAN
- Simplified Network Management: Utilizing versatile software the UCC 2021D PAN is easy to confi gure and manage, integrating with multivendor network management systems via SNMP-compliant MIBs and user friendly Windows graphical management. The UCC2021D PAN is extremely fl exible and easy to confi gure and manage. As a modular voice and data solution, the UCC 2021D PAN platform delivers ease of use and scalability in a fully integrated, stand-alone form factor by effi ciently packetizing and compressing telephony traffic and delivering it.
- Supports Industry Standards: UCC 2021D PAN supports standardsbased Voice Over IP (VoIP) via the SIP protocol and a wide range of voice codecs, providing interoperability for multi-vendor and mixed private/public networks. Seamless interconnectivity is not limited to voice, however, the UCC 2021D PAN also off ers fl exible data protocol support and interfaces with a wide range of SCADA, network services and user requiremen
PLC System Planning
A good planning for a Digital Power Line Carrier System will depend on many factors like the Signal to Noise ratio (SNR), the Bandwidth available and the services needed.
To help in this planning we provide the following BER curve, based on large number of simulation, lab and fi eld tests.
From the curve, an SNR of <35Db is needed for a bandwidth of 8 kHz for a transmission data rate (net throughput) of 64 kbps
Figure 3. BER vs SNR
Integrated F6 teleprotection
The UCC 2021D is available with an integrated teleprotection. This system use a four function plug-in Modular Transfer Trip System (MTS) based on the proven F6 protection scheme. The system is suitable for Direct Transfer Trip (DTT), Permissive Transfer Trip (PTT), Blocking and Unblocking applications. The UCC2021D comply to the IEC-60834 teleprotection standard. The MTS system is comprised of two parts, the MTS module and the I/O modules. Together these modules work with the balance of the UCC 2021D system to provide four-function teleprotection. Up to two MTS modules can be used in each system to provide up to eight functions of teleprotection. The MTS module senses the inputs, de-bounces them, applies a small amount of logic, and passes them in a timeslot on the E1/T1 link to the transceiver. The MTS limits commands to 2 seconds, returning to the guard states after that time, even if the inputs remain keyed. The MTS user interface is in the UCC2021D NMS. Two and four function relay and solidstate I/O’s are available. Additional I/O for providing parallel contacts is also supported. The PLC transceiver DSP decodes the message from the MTS and creates the necessary tones to transfer the command to the other end. The other end receives the tones, performs the necessary actions to generate the needed security and dependability, and sends the information to the MTS via the E1/T1
General
F6 teleprotection is a single tone system that sends only one tone at a time, making it ideal for PLC. Diff erent combinations of inputs use a priority scheme to generate the correct tone and the correct output on the receiving side. This system can have two, four or eight inputs and outputs, which are programmable. Each input can be optionally inverted or not and if 8 inputs are employed, paired inputs can be AND’ed or OR’ed to form each of the 4 command inputs. Once the input commands have been determined, the transmitted command is determined according to the priority chart. Two charts are available, based on the mode setting, “2+2” which provides four commands with priority or “3+1” which provides three independent and simultaneous commands. The 2+2 mode is typically used for parallel line applications, while the 3+1 mode is typically used for single pole trip applications. The transmitted command is sent to the PLC transceiver after an appropriate de-bounce period.
| INPUT COMMAND |
TX Command (actual TX) |
Frequency (2 / coded) |
Receiver outputs |
| No Input |
None |
Guard |
None |
| A |
S |
F2 |
A |
| B |
B |
F5 |
B |
| A&B |
A&B |
F7 |
A&B |
| C |
C |
F2,F4 |
C |
| D |
D |
F2,F6 |
C&D |
| A&D |
A&D |
F6,F8 |
A&D |
| B&C |
B&C |
F4,F8 |
B&C |
| A&C |
C |
F2,F4 |
C |
| B&D |
D |
F2&F6 |
D |
| A&B&C |
B&C |
F4,F8 |
B&C |
| A&B&D |
A&D |
F6,F8 |
A&D |
| A&C&D |
C&D |
F4,F6 |
C&D |
| B&C&D |
C&D |
F4,F6 |
C&D |
| A&B&C&D |
C&D |
F4,F6 |
C&D |
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| Figure 4. Command Priority Table for “2+2” Mode |
Many times the protective relays are not located in the same building as the communications systems that are used to transmit the relaying signals. A unique feature of the UCC 2021D is that the Teleprotection modules can be housed in a separate chassis and communicate with the UCC 2021D via fi ber optic cable The Teleprotection chassis can be located up to 113km (70 miles) from the UCC 2021D depending on the type of fi ber optic transceiver selected. This chassis is known as the UCC 2021 RT.
Integrated Test Switch
The MTS module supports the connection of an internal test panel. The test panel can be mounted inside the door of the chassis and connect to the MTS via an 8 wire cable. The test panel has a 10 position rotary switch, a push-button, and two-toggle switches. The rotary switch has Normal, Input #1, Input #2, Input #3, and Input #4 positions. The test switch can accommodate 2 MTS cards. Selecting input 1 through 4 positions will not do anything until the push-button is pressed. Pressing the push-button will send the command corresponding to the selected position. The toggle switch disables the local outputs. Depending on the mode and the command, the transceiver sends one frequency for the entire time or switches back and forth between two frequencies. The single frequency is considered un-coded operation. Un-coded is less secure and is used for permissive or blocking applications. Coded transmission consists of two frequencies sent one after the other for a specifi ed time. The receiver must receive each tone for a specifi ed time period before declaring a valid trip reception. Once the receiving DSP has determined that a valid trip has been received, the RX trip command is sent to the MTS where it is decoded into output contacts according to a user.
Selectable Unblock Logic
In the event that the receiver enters an alarm state, the outputs programmed for unblocking will go active after 20 ms and will remain active for 150 ms.
Integrated SOE
The MTS stores up to 100 events including; Time/Date, and Input/Output contact status.
Trip Counters
Trip counters record how many times each command is sent or received. The counters roll over after 255 counts.
| INPUT COMMAND |
TX Command (actual TX) |
Frequency (2 / coded) |
Receiver outputs |
| No Input |
None |
Guard |
None |
| A |
A |
F3 |
A |
| B |
B |
F5 |
B |
| A&B |
D |
F7 |
A&B |
| C |
C |
F2 |
C |
| B&C |
D |
F4 |
B&C |
| A&C |
D |
F1 |
A&C |
| A&B&C |
D |
F6 |
A&B&C |
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| Figure 5. Command Priority Table for “3+1” Mode |
Man Machine Interface
- A Windows® (W95, W98, ME, W2000, NT and XP) program allows the user to confi gure all UCC2021D parameters; the channel mapping for the Teleprotection, load the carrier frequency to the NCO, adjust output power level, as well as to measure the SNR, alarms, etc.
- All the settings are saved in a file for future use or reference.
- The confi guration can be done locally or remotely
- Easy and practical distribution of the parameters categories avoiding mistakes during the system confi guration/review.
Two operation modes “USER” and “ADMIN” provides protection of critical settings which are not required to be modifi ed in a normal maintenance or supervision routine avoiding system shutdown due to incorrect configuration.
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| Figure 6 |
For better understanding of the system, the GUI is classifi ed in a similar way as the hardware distribution, so that the E1 interface, Teleprotection and QAM transceiver will be confi gured separately.
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| Figure 7 |
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| Figure 8 |
The adaptive feature of the QAM modulation could be specifi ed among a few or all of the available data rates.
Technical Specifications
| Frequency range: |
20 to 500 kHz |
| Modulation: |
Adaptive QAM with Channel equalization |
| Raw data Speed: |
64 KBps@8Khz |
| Full duplex Channels: |
1 RF Channel |
| Channel Bandwidth: |
2.5 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz with or without superimposed bandwidth |
| Selectivity: |
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| Overall |
(4 kHz from Band-edge) <= -75 dBmO |
| Channel |
(0.3 kHz from Band-edge)<= -65 dBmO |
| Impedance: |
50, 75, 100 or 150 Ohms balanced or unbalanced |
| Selectivity: |
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| Overall |
(4 kHz from Band-edge) <= -75 dBmO |
| Channel |
(0.3 kHz from Band-edge)<= -65 dBmO |
| Impedance: |
50, 75, 100 or 150 Ohms balanced or unbalanced |
| AGC dynamic range: |
+14 to -26 dB, or + 20dB |
| Background Noise: |
<= -55 dBmOp (IEC 495 recomm) |
| Harmonic Distortion: |
<= -40 dBmO F=400 Hz (IEC 495 recomm) |
| Group Delay: |
(IEC 495 recomm) |
| Frequency Stability: |
± 0.5 Hz at 250 kHz (±2 ppm) |
| Tx Line Filters: |
Adjustable from 20 to 500 kHz |
| Rx Line Filters: |
Adjustable from 20 to 500 kHz |
| Minimum sensitivity: |
-30 dBm |
| Guard: |
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| Frequency: |
3825, 3600, 2385 or 7825 Hz |
| Type of modulation: |
FSK |
| Frequency shift: |
± 30 Hz from channel center frequency |
| Base Unit: |
- One universal serial port (user or link), DTE or DCE, RS-232/V.24, V.35, X.21/V.11, RS-449/V.36, RS-530, internal/external clocking, type HD26F connector
- Two 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ45 connectors)
- 3 expansion slots for interface cards
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| Type of Analog telephony interface cards: |
- 2 and 4-port FXS modules with on-board DSP, (RJ11 connector)
- 2 and 4-port FXO modules with on-board DSP (RJ11 connector)
- 4-port E&M module with on-board DSP (2 or 4 wire, types I, II, or V, 600 ohms, RJ48 connectors).
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| Type of Data interface cards: |
- 2-port universal serial WAN interface, DTE or DCE, compatible with RS-232/V.24, V.35, X.21/V.11, RS-449/V.36, RS-530, internal/external clocking.
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| Type of Digital Data/Voice interface cards: |
- Single port T1 Voice and Data (integrated CSU/DSU, B8ZS/B7ZS/AMI, D4/ESF framing, NT/TE, RJ48 connector)
- Single port E1 Voice and Data (HDB3, 120 ohms RJ48 connectors, NT/TE)
- Single port E1 Voice and Data (HDB3, 75 ohms BNC connectors, NT/TE)
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| Network Connections: |
- Network Topology: Mesh, hierarchical, star, point-to point.
- Automatic node discovery and rerouting.
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| Protocols: |
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| Power Line Protocol: Relay, |
Serial synchronous full duplex, Frame HDLC and PPP. |
| IP WAN Protocol: IP WAN Protocol: |
Ethernet, serial and T1/E1 PPP, Frame |
| Channel Density: |
- Maximum telephony channels: Up to 8 FXS, FXO or E&M or 30 T1/E1 CAS/PRI digital channels per unit.
- Maximum data channels: up to 3 serial data ports, or 1 serial and 3 T1 or E1 data interfaces (up to 93 logical ports)
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| Telephony: |
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| Voice compression algorithms: |
ACELP-CN (8K/6K with fallback), G.711 (PCM 64K), G.723.1 (Low 5.3K/High 6.3K), G.726, ( ADPCM 16K/24K/32 K/40K), G.729 and G729a (8K) |
| FAX Relay: |
Group III FAX 4.8, 7.2, 9.6,12.0, 14.4 Kbps |
| Modem Relay: |
V.32bis demodulation up to 14.4Kbps, modem pass through (G.711) |
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| Network Signalling: |
- Analog Telephony channels: FXS: loop and ground start, forward disconnect, caller ID generation. FXO: loop start, forward disconnect and caller ID detection. E&M: immediate and wink start.
- Digital telephony channels: T1 signaling: robbed bit signaling E1 signaling: CAS
- Digital CAS Signaling types: Immediate, Wink, FXO, FXS, FXO ground,FXS ground, E1/R2, PLAR, custom Mu-law or A-law coding
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| Network Signalling: |
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| Analog Telephony channels: FXS: |
loop and ground start, forward disconnect, caller ID generation. FXO: loop start, forward disconnect and caller ID detection. E&M: immediate and wink start. |
| Digital telephony channels: |
T1 signaling: robbed bit signaling E1 signaling: CAS |
| Digital CAS Signaling types: |
Immediate, Wink, FXO, FXS, FXO ground,FXS ground, E1/R2, PLAR, custom Mu-law or A-law coding |
| LAN Support: |
- Two independent fully routed 10/100BaseT ports, two IP address per port
- Ethernet interfaces: Ethernet II and IEEE 802.2, 802.3, SNAP
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| Network management: |
- SNMP management via Network Management System (NMS).
- Menu driven async console port (VT-100) via DB9 male connector, auto sensing DTE/DCE
- Remote Telnet access to command port • FTP upload and download of software and configuration
- Username/password security control, Radius Authentication for console and Telnet access Administrative filtering
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Teleprotection Electrical Specifications |
| Optically Isolated Inputs: |
| Operating Voltage Range: |
| 48 Vdc |
38-60 Vdc |
| 125 Vdc |
88-150 Vdc |
| 250 Vdc |
200-280 Vdc |
| Input threshold 1/2 normal station battery. |
| Solid-State Outputs: |
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| Maximum continuous output current |
1 A |
| Minimum output current |
20 mA |
| Maximum open circuit voltage |
280 Vdc |
| Maximum turn on delay |
100 μs |
| Optional Relay Outputs: |
|
| • Maximum continuous output current |
2 A (inductive) |
| • Maximum surge current |
(100ms) 30 A |
| • Maximum breaking current |
1 A (resistive) |
| • Maximum open circuit voltage |
280Vdc |
| • Maximum operate time |
5 ms |
| Standards: |
|
| • ESD Withstand |
IEC-610004-2, ANSI C37.90.3 |
| • RFl Withstand |
IEC-60834, ANSI C37.90.2 |
| • SWC Withstand |
IEC-801-4, ANSI C37.90.1 |
| • Dielectric Withstand 2500 Vdc |
IEC-60255-22-1 and IEC-60834- |
| Alarm Relay: |
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| Output Form |
“C” (spdt) |
| • Open Circuit Voltage |
300 Vdc |
| 1 A |
|
1 A, Non-inductive |
| Physical Characteristics: |
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| Dimensions: |
14 Rack Units (50W); 20 Rack Units (100W) |
| Typical weight: |
48.5 lbs. (22 kg); 50W |
| |
64.5lbs (29 Kg); 100 W |
| Environmental Conditions: |
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| Operating Temperature: |
-20 to + 65ºC |
| Relative Humidity: |
0 to 95% non condensing |
| Tested under the following standards: |
| IEC 60834-1, IEC 60068-1-1, IEC 60068-2-2, IEC 60068-2-3, IEC 60255-1, IEC 6025 21-2, IEC 60255-21-3 |
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